Which process involves the resolution of disputes within a contractual context through legal means?

The process that involves the resolution of disputes within a contractual context through legal means is litigation. Litigation refers to the formal legal proceedings where disputes are resolved by presenting the case before a court. This includes the preparation and filing of legal documents, adherence to court rules and procedures, and ultimately, might culminate in a judge or jury rendering a decision based on the evidence and arguments presented.

In the context of contractual disputes, litigation is often pursued when parties cannot reach an agreement through alternative methods such as mediation or negotiation. Mediation is typically a more informal process where a neutral third party facilitates discussions to help the conflicting parties arrive at a voluntary resolution, without creating a legally binding outcome. Negotiation involves direct discussions between the parties to try to reach an agreement without involving the court. Resolution is a general term that can apply to any method of settling a dispute, but it does not explicitly refer to the legal processes associated with litigation.

In summary, litigation is distinct in that it is a legal process that involves the court's authority to enforce decisions and grant remedies based on the law, making it the correct choice for the resolution of disputes within a contractual context through legal means.