Which factor significantly influences excavation costs and soil bearing capacity?

The significant influence of groundwater level on excavation costs and soil bearing capacity lies in its impact on site conditions during construction. A high groundwater level can lead to increased excavation difficulties due to the saturation of soil, which may require dewatering techniques to manage excess water. This adds to the overall costs of excavation, as additional equipment and labor are necessary to ensure a safe and stable working environment.

Furthermore, groundwater levels affect the soil's bearing capacity, as saturated soils typically lose strength and can lead to instability. When designing foundations or other structures, understanding the groundwater's impact is crucial, as it can result in the need for deeper footings or specialized foundation solutions, further influencing construction costs and planning.

In contrast, while soil texture, soil type, and weather conditions also play roles in excavation and foundation considerations, they do not have the direct and pronounced effect on excavation costs and soil bearing capacity that groundwater levels do. For instance, soil type may indicate general characteristics, but it is the presence and level of groundwater that often dictates immediate and practical construction challenges.